Green supply chain management and implementation
一, an overview of green supply chain management
(A) the origin of green supply chain
First to propose the green supply chain management is 70 years in the 20th century, when the study only as an aspect of logistics management put forward. Large-scale, conscious of green logistics in the 20th century, early 90′s. In 1994, Weber studied the environmental impact of some products, recommended the adoption of environmental criteria to select the appropriate raw materials, focusing on recycling, and put forward the concept of green procurement. Michigan State University’s Manufacturing Research Association in the United States National Science Foundation 400 thousand U.S. dollars in funding to carry out the “environmentally responsible manufacturing” study, a green supply chain as an important research content, and in 1996 proposed the concept of green supply chain . Green supply chain at the time included only two meanings of environmental protection and energy conservation, is to use the least energy, most green materials to create the most environmentally friendly products.
(B) the definition of Green Supply Chain Management
Supply chain refers to raw material suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, users form the chain structure, channel or network. Each link in the supply chain from raw material acquisition to product manufacturing, transportation, use process would produce waste, causing serious pollution to the environment, threatening human health and ecological balance.
Green supply chain management, also known as environmental awareness supply chain management, it takes into account all aspects of the supply chain environment, with attention to the protection of the environment, promote the coordinated development of economy and environment. Green supply chain management on the exact definition of the current theorists have not a single statement, but the general point of view is defined on the basis of supply chain management, increasing environmental awareness, the “no waste no pollution” and “no Any bad ingredients “and” without any side-effects “throughout the entire supply chain, this is the green supply chain management.
二 , green supply chain operations reference model
Supply Chain Operations Reference model (SCOR) is the most influential, the most widely used reference model. Evaluation and improvement of enterprises can internal and external business processes, so that strategic business management possible. The model is divided into five parts supply chain: planning, procurement, manufacturing, delivery, and reverse logistics.
Green supply chain model from the overall development of the whole supply chain is divided into areas of green supply chain programs, purchasing links, create links, links and reverse logistics delivery links should be followed in every part of the requirements of green manufacturing, the entire supply chain management as a green system.
(A) develop plans to link the green supply chain
Green supply chain is based on the traditional supply chain is, combined with manufacturing technology, control technology and the application of network technology and other new technology, its 目标 yes right rational use of resources, reduce the cost and serious pollution of the environment. To achieve the above goal, from product design, manufacturing, assembly, packaging, transportation, recycling after use to the end of life, every aspect of supply chain resources and the environment are fully considered the issue in order to achieve maximum optimization of resources and reduce environmental pollution.
As the primary link in the green supply chain planning links, mainly to consider the production of products, whether internal or the enterprise, but also associated with the enterprise and users should consider resource use and environmental impact. Core business, as the most important chain of companies, need to design a new supply chain model from the design of the source, to purchasing, production, sales and recycling, and waste disposal, Yinru Green’s resulting in an overall plan to eliminate any form of pollution and waste.
(B) green supply chain, procurement links
Green procurement, quality control is in the original standard, the standard price of comparable basis, to join the green standards, that require suppliers to use green materials in the market, green technology, implementation materials, energy conservation, to achieve source control, meet the public demand for environmentally friendly products, improving product competitiveness.
1. Green Supplier Management
Vendor selection and evaluation of the original level by including technology, product quality, production capacity, price, location, reliability, service, delivery and other indicators of, and be flexible assessment and management, and should now join the green element of assessment determine the priority in the procurement of green supply mechanism. At this stage, need to consider whether the supplier has the polluting materials, manufacturing process whether it is clean, it can save energy during transportation and other factors. The management of green suppliers to fully reflect the requirements of the end products, combined with the practical difficulties of suppliers, helping suppliers develop parts of the production environment to improve the program to ensure suppliers meet environmental conditions of production of green standards to minimize product damage to the environment, in order to achieve the manufacturing side, customers and the environment, “win.”
2. The implementation of integrated development and the establishment of Integrated Supply Management
Development of green supply chain integration is the core enterprises and their suppliers to establish strategic partnership, this partnership will help to improve communication between the parties to achieve common aspirations and goals, risks, and shared interests and common participation in product process development. Now require suppliers from the design stage, to determine the mechanism of green manufacturing, green products to ensure that the level of increase.
The establishment of integrated supply management is to focus on core businesses and suppliers to jointly design a can to minimize the cost of the integrated supply mode, establish an information sharing platform, supply and demand sides can share the inventory data, information, information sharing to avoid potential costs asymmetric loss of decision-making. High degree of both supply and demand information sharing, guaranteed supply and demand information accuracy and real-time, the two sides in production planning, inventory, quality and other aspects can be timely exchange of information in order to be able to promptly handle any problems, formed a manufacturing and supplier of collaborative management, significantly improve the efficiency of procurement and supply.
(C) green supply chain, manufacturing sectors
Green supply chain and manufacturing links refer not only to manufacturing and processing, it is a include product design, material selection, processing, logistics, design, packaging design and product demolition process, the concept of large manufacturers.
1. Green Design
Green design, also known as eco-design, environmental design. The basic idea is: will environmental factors in the design stage and pollution prevention measures into the product designs, the environmental performance of a product’s design goals and starting point, strive to make products for the least impact on the environment. In terms of industrial design, green design is the “3R”, a reduction of raw material, re-use, recycle will not only reduce material and energy consumption, reduce emissions of harmful substances, and to make products and components to easily waste separation and recycling or reuse.
The main elements of green design include: green product design material selection and management; product design for disassembly; products, recyclable design.
2. Cleaner Production
Clean production is continuing to take to improve the design, use of clean energy and raw materials, the use of advanced technology and equipment, improve management, utilization and other measures, source reduction of pollution, improve resource use efficiency, reduce or avoid manufacturing, services and products Use the process of production and emission of pollutants, to reduce or eliminate human health and the environment.
The definition of cleaner production process control includes two full: the whole production process and product lifecycle. The production process, the clean production, including conservation of raw materials and energy, eliminating toxic raw materials, and all emissions and wastes from the production process prior to the maximum extent possible to reduce their emissions and toxicity. On products, cleaner production aims to reduce the product life cycle process products from raw materials extraction to final disposal of human and environmental impact.
(D) the delivery of green supply chain links
Delivery of green supply chain is actually a part of the delivery process. It consists of two elements: First, from the core business (manufacturers) to the distributor or retailer of the process; second is from the distributor or retailer to the consumer process.
(5) Green reverse logistics supply chain links
Reverse logistics refers to material from the product point of consumption (including end-users and supply chain on the client) to the point of origin of the physical flow process of planning, implementation and control. Reverse Logistics covers the re-use materials and goods all the activities, the collection, removal and disposal of used products, parts or raw materials so that they effectively re-use. By cause, channels, and disposal of different forms for different industries, reverse logistics has been divided into the complaints return, return end-use, commercial return, repair return, production scrap and substandard goods, and packaging six major categories. The logistics process includes product recovery, testing and classification, maintenance, split and re-processing, scrap processing steps.
